History

College of Liberal Arts and Sciences

Not all courses are offered every semester. Refer to the schedule of courses for each term's specific offerings.
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Unless otherwise indicated in the course description, all courses at the University of Florida are taught in English, with the exception of specific foreign language courses.

Department Information

Undergraduate students in the Department of History have a number of ways of enhancing their experience: from completing a senior thesis in conjunction with the Honors Program, or by participating in a study abroad program. The graduate program is home to a number of fields: African History, European History, Latin American History, and United States History.
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CONTACT

Email | 352.392.0271 (tel) | 352.392.6927 (fax)

P.O. Box 117320
25 KEENE-FLINT HALL
GAINESVILLE FL 32611-7320
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 Curriculum


Courses

AFH 2000 Africa in World History 3 Credits

Grading Scheme: Letter Grade

One-semester introduction to African history for undergraduates. Links the history of African societies with other world civilizations by focusing upon major historical themes. (H and N)

Attributes: General Education - Humanities, General Education - International

AFH 3100 Africa to 1800 3 Credits

Grading Scheme: Letter Grade

Ancient Africa, the expansion of Islam, savannah kingdoms, East African trading cities, maritime contacts with Europe, the slave trade. (H and N)

Attributes: General Education - Humanities, General Education - International

AFH 3200 Africa Since 1800 3 Credits

Grading Scheme: Letter Grade

End of the slave trade and the growth of legitimate commerce; Islamic renewal and revolution; the European partition and the colonial era; the growth of nationalism and the reemergence of independent Africa. (H and N)

Attributes: General Education - Humanities, General Education - International

AFH 3342 History of West Africa 3 Credits

Grading Scheme: Letter Grade

History of West Africa from the Ghana Empire to the contemporary period. (H and N)

Attributes: General Education - Humanities, General Education - International

AFH 3405 History of East Africa 1800-2000 3 Credits

Grading Scheme: Letter Grade

Introduces the history of East Africa from 1800 to the present. Focuses on the interconnected themes of ethnicity, the history of African states, gender and reproductive health.

AFH 3931 Special Topics in African History 3 Credits

Grading Scheme: Letter Grade

Selected variable topics in the history and culture of Africa.

Prerequisite: 3 credits of an AFH, AMH, ASH, EUH, LAH, or WOH course.

AFH 4250 Modern Africa 3 Credits

Grading Scheme: Letter Grade

Selected topics in 19th and 20th century African development; pre-colonial conditions, colonial rule, nationalist movements and the problem of independence. (H and N)

Attributes: General Education - Humanities, General Education - International

AFH 4253 African Women in the Twentieth-Century 3 Credits

Grading Scheme: Letter Grade

Explores themes of politics, social structure, and cultural change by examining the historical experiences of African women.

AFH 4450 Southern Africa 3 Credits

Grading Scheme: Letter Grade

History of southern Africa from the pre-European era to the present. (H and N)

Attributes: General Education - Humanities, General Education - International

AFH 4930 History Research Seminar: Africa 3 Credits

Grading Scheme: Letter Grade

Through rotating content, this seminar has two distinct goals: historiography of a specific topic and production of a substantial research paper based on primary source evidence.

Prerequisite: HIS 3942 with a minimum grade of C.

AMH 1094 Fight for Your Rights: The Long Civil Rights Movement 3 Credits

Grading Scheme: Letter Grade

A multidisciplinary examination of one of America’s most defining social justice movements, the long civil rights movement.

Prerequisite: Restricted to degree-seeking undergraduates.

Attributes: Quest 1, General Education - Diversity, General Education - Humanities, Satisfies 2000 Words of Writing Requirement

AMH 2010 United States to 1877 3 Credits

Grading Scheme: Letter Grade

Surveys the development of the US from its colonial origins to the end of Reconstruction.

Attributes: General Education - Humanities, Satisfies 6000 Words of Writing Requirement

AMH 2020 United States Since 1877 3 Credits

Grading Scheme: Letter Grade

Surveys the emergence of modern America as an industrial and world power; the Progressive Era; WWI; the Great Depression and the New Deal; WW II; and the Cold War era.

Attributes: General Education - Diversity, General Education - Social Science

AMH 2631 History of Sustainability 3 Credits

Grading Scheme: Letter Grade

Explores the history of sustainability as an idea and practice in the US from the time of European settlement to the near present.

AMH 3223 The Gilded Age 3 Credits

Grading Scheme: Letter Grade

Changes that occurred in America between 1877 and the advent of WWII, emphasizing the meaning of Americanism, conflicts between labor and capital, and the relations between historical events and race, gender and politics.

Prerequisite: 3 credits of history.

AMH 3273 America in the Sixties 3 Credits

Grading Scheme: Letter Grade

Social and political movements of the turbulent era of 1960s America, covering primarily the civil rights, feminist and anti-war movements.

Prerequisite: 3 credits of history.

AMH 3340 History of Disability in America 3 Credits

Grading Scheme: Letter Grade

How disabilities have been labeled, identified and treated over time and in light of broad social trends.

AMH 3421 Florida to 1845 3 Credits

Grading Scheme: Letter Grade

Exploration, settlement, and colonial history of Spanish and British Florida from US territorial days to statehood.

Prerequisite: 3 credits of history.

Attributes: General Education - Humanities, Satisfies 6000 Words of Writing Requirement

AMH 3423 Florida Since 1845 3 Credits

Grading Scheme: Letter Grade

Statehood and secession, Civil War, Reconstruction, reform and reaction, Progressive Era, boom and bust, diversification and growth of Florida since World War II. (H) (WR)

Prerequisite: 3 credits of history.

Attributes: General Education - Humanities, Satisfies 6000 Words of Writing Requirement

AMH 3460 US Urban History 3 Credits

Grading Scheme: Letter Grade

Analyzes the growth and development of urban civilization in the US, emphasizing how cities began and their impact on politics, economics, and culture.

Prerequisite: 3 credits of history with a minimum grade of C.

Attributes: General Education - Humanities, General Education - Social Science, Satisfies 6000 Words of Writing Requirement

AMH 3500 US Labor History 3 Credits

Grading Scheme: Letter Grade

Emphasizes the history of America's working-class people and addresses such issues as working class consciousness, theories of organized labor, methods of organization, and class relationships.

Prerequisite: 3 credits of history.

Attributes: General Education - Diversity, General Education - Humanities, Satisfies 6000 Words of Writing Requirement

AMH 3511 American Foreign Relations and Expansion Since 1914 3 Credits

Grading Scheme: Letter Grade

Focuses on the origin, conduct, and consequences of American diplomacy during an era of global conflict and revolutionary upheaval. (H) (WR)

Prerequisite: 3 credits of history.

Attributes: General Education - Humanities, Satisfies 6000 Words of Writing Requirement

AMH 3519 US - Middle East Relations 3 Credits

Grading Scheme: Letter Grade

Examines US - Middle East relations in historical context, including culture, US - Israeli relations, nationalists, radicals, events, and issues that impact this relationship.

Prerequisite: 3 credits of history.

AMH 3531 The American Jewish Experience 1880-2000 3 Credits

Grading Scheme: Letter Grade

Introduces the major events and issues in American Jewish history and offers a sense of why Jews felt at home in America. Focuses on immigration, assimilation and collective survival.

AMH 3551 Constitutional History of the United States to 1877 3 Credits

Grading Scheme: Letter Grade

Analyzes the development of constitutionalism from English colonial origins to the end of Reconstruction, emphasizing the inherent tension between concepts of power and liberty. (H) (WR)

Prerequisite: 3 credits of history.

Attributes: General Education - Humanities, Satisfies 6000 Words of Writing Requirement

AMH 3552 Constitutional History of the United States Since 1877 3 Credits

Grading Scheme: Letter Grade

Continues AMH 3551, giving special attention to the way in which constitutionalism has adapted to the growth of an urban and industrial society, to the extension of civil liberties and civil rights, and to the growth of executive authority. (H) (WR)

Prerequisite: 3 credits of history.

Attributes: General Education - Humanities, Satisfies 6000 Words of Writing Requirement

AMH 3558 United States Legal History 3 Credits

Grading Scheme: Letter Grade

Nontechnical survey of American legal development from its English common law origins to the present. (H) (WR)

Prerequisite: 3 credits of history.

Attributes: General Education - Humanities, Satisfies 6000 Words of Writing Requirement

AMH 3561 American Women in the 19th Century 3 Credits

Grading Scheme: Letter Grade

Examines women's history during the 19th century with a focus on how women gradually entered the public arena as laborers, reformers, writers, and performers.

Prerequisite: 3 credits of history.

AMH 3562 Women in Modern US 3 Credits

Grading Scheme: Letter Grade

Introduces major events, trends, and issues in the history of US women from the Civil War to the present.

Prerequisite: 3 credits of history.

Attributes: General Education - Humanities

AMH 3581 Diversity in American History 3 Credits

Grading Scheme: Letter Grade

Examines the diversity of the American people and its changes over time from first European contact to the present. Focuses on the interaction between different ethnic groups in American history and how the changing notions of race have helped shape the contours of that history.

Prerequisite: 3 credits in AFH, AMH, ASH, EUH, HIS, LAH, or WOH.

AMH 3582 African American and Latino Histories 3 Credits

Grading Scheme: Letter Grade

Comparative examination of the histories of African Americans and Latinos from the early 19th century to present. Major themes include the social construction of race, the development of state policies that enforced racial inequality, struggles for equal citizenship, cultural and social movements for change.

Prerequisite: 3 credits of history.

AMH 3593 Oral History 3 Credits

Grading Scheme: Letter Grade

Introduces the theory and practice of oral history. Examines key issues in historical memory, interviewing, and community-based fieldwork; also examines scholarly debates on oral history as a dialogic mode of knowledge production. Learn digital humanities production methods to bring historical knowledge to broader audiences.

Prerequisite: 3 credits of history.

AMH 3630 American Environmental History 3 Credits

Grading Scheme: Letter Grade

Substantive and interpretative inquiry of the historical roots of the nation's contemporary environmental issues. A comprehensive overview of the relationship between people and their natural physical surroundings from the Columbian explorations to the 1980s.

AMH 3660 Native American History to 1815 3 Credits

Grading Scheme: Letter Grade

Examines the representations and realities of North American Indian history from the pre-Columbian period through the early 19th century. (H)

Prerequisite: 3 credits of history.

Attributes: General Education - Humanities

AMH 3661 Native American History Since 1806 3 Credits

Grading Scheme: Letter Grade

Examines the representations and realities of North American Indian history from the early 19th century to the present. (H and D)

Prerequisite: 3 credits of history.

Attributes: General Education - Diversity, General Education - Humanities

AMH 3670 African Diaspora in the Americas 3 Credits

Grading Scheme: Letter Grade

Explores the centrality of Africa in the Americas by studying revolutions against slavery and colonialism in the African Diaspora from the 18th century to present with a special emphasis on the development of democratic ideologies among people of African descent in the Americas.

Prerequisite: 3 credits in AFH, ASH, AMH, EUH, HIS, LAH, or WOH.

AMH 3674 American Slavery and Abolition 3 Credits

Grading Scheme: Letter Grade

History of American slavery and abolition from the 1600s through emancipation and the Reconstruction Era.

Prerequisite: 3 credits of history.

AMH 3931 Special Topics in American History 3 Credits

Grading Scheme: Letter Grade

Selected, variable topics in the history and culture of America.

Prerequisite: 3 credits of history.

AMH 4110 Early America 3 Credits

Grading Scheme: Letter Grade

Origin and development of an American society along the eastern seaboard of North America. (H) (WR)

Prerequisite: 6 credits of history.

Attributes: General Education - Humanities, Satisfies 6000 Words of Writing Requirement

AMH 4111 New World Encounters 3 Credits

Grading Scheme: Letter Grade

Analyzes the intellectual, cultural and social changes which resulted in a mixture of ideas and cultures from Europe, Africa, and native America. (H) (WR)

Prerequisite: 6 credits of history.

Attributes: General Education - Humanities, Satisfies 6000 Words of Writing Requirement

AMH 4130 American Revolutionary Era, 1760-1789 3 Credits

Grading Scheme: Letter Grade

Analyzes the background of, and reasons for, the American Revolution, the social, military, political, diplomatic aspects of the era, as well as the constitutional developments of these years. (H) (WR)

Prerequisite: 6 credits of history.

Attributes: General Education - Humanities, Satisfies 6000 Words of Writing Requirement

AMH 4160 The Early Republic, 1789-1848 3 Credits

Grading Scheme: Letter Grade

Social, political, cultural and economic history of America in its formative years. The Age of Jefferson (1789-1824) and the period of the first party system, including the policies and the wars of the Virginia dynasty. The second half, the Age of Jackson (1824-1848), discusses the rise of the Democratic and Whig parties, Indian removal, trends in religion and reform, further western expansion and the sectionally divisive Mexican War. (H) (WR)

Prerequisite: 6 credits of history.

Attributes: General Education - Humanities, Satisfies 6000 Words of Writing Requirement

AMH 4231 US World War I to World War II 3 Credits

Grading Scheme: Letter Grade

Post-World War I America: the Twenties, the Depression and the New Deal, WW II.

Prerequisite: 3 credits of an AFH, AMH, ASH, EUH, HIS, LAH, or WOH course.

Attributes: General Education - Humanities, Satisfies 6000 Words of Writing Requirement

AMH 4270 US Since World War II 3 Credits

Grading Scheme: Letter Grade

Post-World War II America: America as world power, social revolution, Vietnam, Watergate and after.

Prerequisite: 6 credits of history.

Attributes: General Education - Humanities, Satisfies 6000 Words of Writing Requirement

AMH 4316 Violence and Social Conflict in American History 3 Credits

Grading Scheme: Letter Grade

Changing patterns and levels of violent behavior, including rioting, lynching, domestic violence, street violence, during the last four centuries of American history.

AMH 4317 History by Hollywood 3 Credits

Grading Scheme: Letter Grade

Compares Hollywood films with traditional historiographic accounts to explore the cultural and political history of the 1950s, '60s and '70s, including the Montgomery Bus Boycott, civil rights, the Vietnam War and political assassinations.

AMH 4319 Crime and Punishment in American History 3 Credits

Grading Scheme: Letter Grade

Historical development of crime and criminal justice in America with particular attention to the ways in which social, political and cultural forces have shaped legal institutions during the past four centuries.

AMH 4373 History of American Capitalism 3 Credits

Grading Scheme: Letter Grade

Political, economic and social contours of American capitalism from the late 18th century through the near present.

Prerequisite: 6 credits of history.

AMH 4402 The South to 1865 3 Credits

Grading Scheme: Letter Grade

Development of southern culture from the earliest settlements to the development of southern nationalism. (H)

Prerequisite: 6 credits of history.

Attributes: General Education - Humanities

AMH 4403 The South Since 1860 3 Credits

Grading Scheme: Letter Grade

Impact of Civil War and Reconstruction; economic, political and social development of the new South.

Prerequisite: 6 credits of history.

AMH 4550 Origins of the US Constitution 3 Credits

Grading Scheme: Letter Grade

The colonial origins, drafting, and ratification of the US Constitution and its application through 1819. Examines the political, economic, and intellectual influences that helped shape the constitutional system designed by the framers.

AMH 4571 American Civil War and Reconstruction 3 Credits

Grading Scheme: Letter Grade

Analyzes the political, social and economic transformation of the Union, highlighting the Presidency of Lincoln, the evolution of federal policies of Unionist loyalty and slave emancipation, the development of Union military leadership, and the tragically unsuccessful post-war attempt to provide justice to the freed people. (H) (WR)

Prerequisite: refer to the department

Attributes: General Education - Humanities, Satisfies 6000 Words of Writing Requirement

AMH 4575 Civil Rights Movements 3 Credits

Grading Scheme: Letter Grade

Introduces the origins, development, and legacies of the African American civil rights and black movements in America, focusing primarily on the period between 1945 and 1980.

AMH 4612 Sport and American Culture 3 Credits

Grading Scheme: Letter Grade

Explores the place of sport in American society and culture from the time of European settlement to the present. Uses sport, in its institutional and recreational forms, to illuminate broader historical themes, urban and community life, economic development, social relationship, social mobility and popular and cultural processes.

Prerequisite: 6 credits of history.

AMH 4930 History Research Seminar: US 3 Credits

Grading Scheme: Letter Grade

Introduces the historiography of a specific topic and production of a substantial research paper based on primary source evidence. (WR)

Prerequisite: HIS 3942 with a minimum grade of C.

Attributes: Satisfies 6000 Words of Writing Requirement

ASH 3223 History of the Modern Middle East 3 Credits

Grading Scheme: Letter Grade

Surveys the history, politics and society of the Middle East from the early 19th century until the present day. Topics include transformation of Islamic empire to post-colonial states, development of collective identities, the formation of new social classes and changing gender relations.

Prerequisite: 3 credits of history.

ASH 3442 Modern Japan 3 Credits

Grading Scheme: Letter Grade

Surveys the social, political and economic transformation of modern Japanese society from 1800. (H and N)

Prerequisite: 3 credits of history.

Attributes: General Education - Humanities, General Education - International

ASH 3931 Special Topics in Asian History 3 Credits

Grading Scheme: Letter Grade

Variable topics in the history and culture of Asia.

Prerequisite: 3 credits of history.

ASH 4930 History Research Seminar: Asia 3 Credits

Grading Scheme: Letter Grade

Variable topics seminar with two distinct goals: introduce the historiography of a specific topic and produce a substantial research paper based on primary source evidence.

Prerequisite: HIS 3942 with a minimum grade of C.

EUH 2000 Western Civilization: From Early Times to the Middle Ages 3 Credits

Grading Scheme: Letter Grade

Introduces western civilization that studies the early cultures in Mesopotamia and Egypt, the Minoan-Mycenaean society, Greece, the Hellenistic period and the Roman Empire to the Barbarian invasions. (H and N)

Attributes: General Education - Humanities, General Education - International

EUH 2001 Western Civilization: From the Middle Ages to the Eighteenth Century 3 Credits

Grading Scheme: Letter Grade

Treats feudal, urban and religious institutions in Medieval society, Renaissance and Reformation, the Thirty Years' War, the Age of Louis XIV and the Age of Reason. (H and N) (WR)

Attributes: General Education - Humanities, General Education - International, Satisfies 6000 Words of Writing Requirement

EUH 2002 Western Civilization: From the Eighteenth Century to the Present 3 Credits

Grading Scheme: Letter Grade

Explores 18th-century revolutions, Napoleon, romanticism and reaction, national unifications and imperialism, competing ideologies, the world wars and Europe in the postwar era. (H and N) (WR)

Attributes: General Education - Humanities, General Education - International, Satisfies 6000 Words of Writing Requirement

EUH 3033 History of the Holocaust 3 Credits

Grading Scheme: Letter Grade

Origins of anti-Semitism in central Europe and the execution of the Holocaust by Nazi Germany. Examines the ideology of the Nazi leaders and the role of the SS, Army, Police, and ordinary citizens in perpetrating genocide. (H and N) (WR)

Attributes: General Education - Humanities, General Education - International, Satisfies 4000 Words of Writing Requirement

EUH 3035 Nazi Germany 3 Credits

Grading Scheme: Letter Grade

Political and cultural analysis of the history of Nazi Germany examining Nazi ideology, the origins of the Nazi state, coercion and consent among ordinary Germans, persecution of the disabled and of Jews, resistance and non-resistance, and the course of World War II from the German perspective.

Prerequisite: 3 credits of an AFH, AMH, ASH, EUH, HIS, LAH, or WOH course.

EUH 3091 Intellectual History of Europe, Renaissance to Modern 3 Credits

Grading Scheme: Letter Grade

Examines intellectual developments that have shaped modern views of human nature, society, the natural world and God.

EUH 3121 The Early Middle Ages 3 Credits

Grading Scheme: Letter Grade

Studies the formation of the Medieval West from the dissolution of the Roman Empire to the year 1000 A.D. Emphasizes the ways in which Roman, Christian and Germanic traditions fused to form a new civilization. (H and N) (WR)

Prerequisite: 3 credits of history.

Attributes: General Education - Humanities, General Education - International, Satisfies 6000 Words of Writing Requirement

EUH 3122 The High Middle Ages 3 Credits

Grading Scheme: Letter Grade

Examines European civilization from the 11th to the 14th centuries. Contrasts the urban and rural, northern and southern forms of economic social, cultural and political phenomena. (H and N) (WR)

Prerequisite: 3 credits of history.

Attributes: General Education - Humanities, General Education - International, Satisfies 6000 Words of Writing Requirement

EUH 3140 Renaissance 3 Credits

Grading Scheme: Letter Grade

Interpretations of the Renaissance: Italy's political, literary and artistic developments. The northern Renaissance and Christian Humanism. (H and N) (WR)

Prerequisite: 3 credits of history.

Attributes: General Education - Humanities, General Education - International, Satisfies 6000 Words of Writing Requirement

EUH 3144 The Reformation 3 Credits

Grading Scheme: Letter Grade

Critical religious changes in Europe from the 15th to 17th centuries. Pays particular attention to the broad impact of religion on the social, cultural and political developments of the period. (H and N)

Attributes: General Education - Humanities, General Education - International

EUH 3180 Medieval Magic 3 Credits

Grading Scheme: Letter Grade

Assessment of the cultural, religious and political implications of the supernatural in late antique, medieval and early modern European society (400-1700 CE). Besides addressing the role of scapegoating in the persecution of marginalized groups, it suggests how belief in demonic magic co-existed with Christian belief in miracles.

Prerequisite: 3 credits of history.

EUH 3182 Medieval Archaeology 3 Credits

Grading Scheme: Letter Grade

Methods and theory of archaeology with particular emphasis on the Medieval period and the relation between the written and the archaeological evidence.

EUH 3202 Early Modern Europe, 1500-1700 3 Credits

Grading Scheme: Letter Grade

Development of Europe as it emerged from Middle Ages focusing on the growth of the modern state and the critical changes in politics, science, economics and religion. (H and N)

Attributes: General Education - Humanities, General Education - International

EUH 3204 Eighteenth-Century Europe 3 Credits

Grading Scheme: Letter Grade

Studies European politics, economics, society, ideas and institutions in the 18th century, including early modern forms of governance, the Enlightenment and the Age of the Revolution. (H and N) (WR)

Prerequisite: 3 credits of history.

Attributes: General Education - Humanities, General Education - International, Satisfies 6000 Words of Writing Requirement

EUH 3205 Nineteenth-Century Europe 3 Credits

Grading Scheme: Letter Grade

Studies European politics, society, ideas and institutions, including the French Revolution, emergence of modern politics, upheavals of 1848 and 1871, rise of nationalism, urbanization and socialism. (H and N) (WR)

Prerequisite: 3 credits of history.

Attributes: General Education - Humanities, General Education - International, Satisfies 6000 Words of Writing Requirement

EUH 3206 Twentieth-Century Europe 3 Credits

Grading Scheme: Letter Grade

Origins and outcomes of the two world wars, the varieties of European social and political ideologies, and the ever-changing pattern of national and trans-national identities. (H and N) (WR)

Prerequisite: 3 credits of history.

Attributes: General Education - Humanities, General Education - International, Satisfies 6000 Words of Writing Requirement

EUH 3247 Holocaust in the Courtroom 3 Credits

Grading Scheme: Letter Grade

Examination of major Holocaust trials and the conflict between justice, national identities, and historical narrative in Germany, Israel, France, the Soviet Union, and the US.

Prerequisite: 3 credits EUH or EUS.

EUH 3300 Byzantine History 3 Credits

Grading Scheme: Letter Grade

Surveys Byzantine history with emphasis on political, economic and religious institutions and the role of Byzantium in medieval Europe.

EUH 3323 Medieval Eastern Europe 3 Credits

Grading Scheme: Letter Grade

Eastern Europe from late Antiquity to the 15th century. Examines the major problems of medieval history, with special emphasis on the role of the region in the history of the continent.

EUH 3330 Late Modern Central and Eastern Europe 3 Credits

Grading Scheme: Letter Grade

Cultural, social and political survey of the Hapsburg Monarchy, Poland, and the Balkans from 1700 to 1918. Topics include absolutism, revolutionary nationalism, modernization, cultural flowering, ethnic violence, socialism and WWI.

EUH 3383 Pagans, Christians, Barbarians: the World of Late Antiquity 3 Credits

Grading Scheme: Letter Grade

Surveys the history of the Mediterranean region from the second to the 7th century with a particular focus on religious and cultural developments that marked the rise of a Christian Roman Empire.

EUH 3432 Early Medieval Italy 3 Credits

Grading Scheme: Letter Grade

Surveys economic, social and political developments in the Italian peninsula between 800 and 1100.

Prerequisite: 3 credits of history.

EUH 3440 Medieval France 3 Credits

Grading Scheme: Letter Grade

A chronological and topical introduction to the history of medieval France, from the abandonment of the Roman province of Gaul to the beginning of the Hundred Years War.

Prerequisite: EUH 2001 or EUH 3121 or EUH 3122.

EUH 3452 The French Revolution 3 Credits

Grading Scheme: Letter Grade

Examines one of the most transformational events in European and world history. The French Revolution brought about the overthrow of a centuries-old monarchy, the rapid mutation of social relations, the abolition of slavery, and the end of the Christian calendar. Introduces the major events of the period and to the historiographical debates among historians who continue to debate its significance by examining the causes and the effects of the revolution.

Prerequisite: 3 credits of AFH, AMH, ASH, EUH, HIS, LAH, or WOH.

EUH 3473 Medieval Germany 3 Credits

Grading Scheme: Letter Grade

Surveys economic, social and political developments in Central Europe during the Middle Ages (500-1350).

Prerequisite: 3 credits of history.

EUH 3500 Medieval England 3 Credits

Grading Scheme: Letter Grade

Creation of a national society and culture in the time of England's constitutional development (to the 16th century). (H and N) (WR)

Prerequisite: 3 credits of history.

Attributes: General Education - Humanities, General Education - International, Satisfies 6000 Words of Writing Requirement

EUH 3501 Early Modern England 3 Credits

Grading Scheme: Letter Grade

Development of a revolutionary tradition and of a parliamentary monarch in the period of England's cultural flowering (16th to 18th centuries). (H and N) (WR)

Prerequisite: 3 credits of history.

Attributes: General Education - Humanities, General Education - International, Satisfies 6000 Words of Writing Requirement

EUH 3502 Modern Britain 3 Credits

Grading Scheme: Letter Grade

Social, political and economic developments in the19th and 20th centuries. (H and N) (WR)

Prerequisite: 3 credits of history.

Attributes: General Education - Humanities, General Education - International, Satisfies 6000 Words of Writing Requirement

EUH 3530 Colonies to Commonwealth: the History of the British Empire 3 Credits

Grading Scheme: Letter Grade

History of the British Empire from its origins in Ireland to the decolonization movements of the 20th century. Examines not only the ways in which the British established and extended the empire through the political, military, economic and cultural spheres, but also resistance to empire.

EUH 3533 Ireland in the British Empire 3 Credits

Grading Scheme: Letter Grade

Place of Ireland in the British Empire and the imperial experiences of the Irish people. Covers the main themes of Irish history from the Tudor conquest to the establishment of the Irish Republic, all the while being attuned to the broader imperial context.

EUH 3564 Central and Eastern Europe in the 20th Century 3 Credits

Grading Scheme: Letter Grade

Covers the collapse of Austro-Hungary, its successor states in the inter-war period, World War II, the Holocaust, the rise and fall of Communism in Central and Eastern Europe.

EUH 3575 Imperial Russia, 1700-1914 3 Credits

Grading Scheme: Letter Grade

Major institutional, political, social and economic issues confronting the Russian state, drawing on source materials and on Russian literature to illustrate these issues. (H and N)

Prerequisite: 3 credits of history.

Attributes: General Education - Humanities, General Education - International

EUH 3576 Twentieth-Century Russia to 1953 3 Credits

Grading Scheme: Letter Grade

Internal political, economic and social history of 20th-century Russia, including the impact of modernization, the rise of radical ideologies, the Bolshevik revolution and the evolution of the Soviet Union. (H and N) (WR)

Prerequisite: 3 credits of history.

Attributes: General Education - Humanities, General Education - International, Satisfies 6000 Words of Writing Requirement

EUH 3670 Jewish History from 711 to 1492 3 Credits

Grading Scheme: Letter Grade

Surveys major historical developments in medieval Jewish society under Islam and western Christendom. Examines the interaction of Jews with the majority culture, political structure and economy, as well as changing cultural trends.

EUH 3671 Jewish History from 1492-1750 3 Credits

Grading Scheme: Letter Grade

Surveys major trends in Jewish society from the f15th to the 18th century, focusing on community structures and interfaith relations.

Prerequisite: 3 credits of history.

EUH 3672 Modern European Jewish History 3 Credits

Grading Scheme: Letter Grade

Major events and themes of the Jews in Europe from 1650-1945.

Prerequisite: 3 credits of history.

EUH 3683 The History of Consumption 3 Credits

Grading Scheme: Letter Grade

Combines economic, social and political history to study the rise of consumer culture from the 18th century to the present. Primarily focused on Europe but includes the United States in the 20th century.

EUH 3931 Special Topics in European History 3-9 Credits

Grading Scheme: Letter Grade

Selected variable topics in the history and culture of Europe.

Prerequisite: 3 credits of history.

EUH 4123 Holy War in the Middle Ages 3 Credits

Grading Scheme: Letter Grade

Examines the shifting terrain of historical and theological conceptions of war and holy war in the middle ages. Divided into four distinct sections: theological foundations, early medieval conceptions of war and community, the Crusades and changes in the high and late middle ages.

Prerequisite: 6 credits of history.

EUH 4185 The Viking Experience 3 Credits

Grading Scheme: Letter Grade

Scandinavian medieval history, including an examination of the profound changes brought by Christianization and the rise of the medieval states.

Prerequisite: 6 credits of history.

EUH 4280 History of the Second World War 3 Credits

Grading Scheme: Letter Grade

Analyzes World War II, covering the origins, politics, resistance movements, grand strategy and consequences. (H) (WR)

Prerequisite: 6 credits of history.

Attributes: General Education - Humanities, Satisfies 6000 Words of Writing Requirement

EUH 4282 History of Cold War Europe 3 Credits

Grading Scheme: Letter Grade

Cold War era in Europe, 1945-1991; emphasizes origins, social, economic and political aspects, and the historical consequences on Europe.

Prerequisite: 6 credits of history.

EUH 4310 History of Medieval Spain 3 Credits

Grading Scheme: Letter Grade

History of the Iberian Peninsula between Late Antiquity and the end of the Reconquista. Emphasizes Muslim Spain, the Christian kingdoms in the North, Christian-Muslim-Jewish interactions, cultural development and social differentiation.

Prerequisite: 6 credits of history.

EUH 4311 Jews of Medieval Spain 3 Credits

Grading Scheme: Letter Grade

Explores Jewish life and culture in the Iberian Peninsula from the early middle ages through the Expulsion of 1492. Analyzes interfaith relations and the role Jews played in shaping Spanish society and culture.

Prerequisite: 6 credits of history.

EUH 4463 Nineteenth-Century Germany 3 Credits

Grading Scheme: Letter Grade

Germany's political development toward nationhood in the 19th century, and the imperial policies of Bismarck and Wilhelm II. The social history of specific groups in German society. Germany's role in the outbreak of WW I. Offered alternate years. (H and N) (WR)

Prerequisite: 6 credits of history.

Attributes: General Education - Humanities, General Education - International, Satisfies 6000 Words of Writing Requirement

EUH 4584 Medieval Russia 3 Credits

Grading Scheme: Letter Grade

Introduces the history of Eastern Europe from ca. 500 to 1584. Focuses on interconnected themes of state formation, trade, conversion to Christianity and the impact of the Mongol conquest.

Prerequisite: 6 credits of history.

EUH 4610 Society and the Sexes in Modern Europe, 18C to the Present 3 Credits

Grading Scheme: Letter Grade

Gendered analysis of great historical events, political movements and ideologies. Other topics of social and cultural history are discussed.

Prerequisite: 6 credits of history.

EUH 4664 Modern European Revolutions: 1789-1989 3 Credits

Grading Scheme: Letter Grade

History of key European revolutions that occurred between 1789 and 1989. Emphasizes the economic, cultural and political conditions that gave rise to and accompanied the development of these watershed events.

Prerequisite: 3 credits of history.

EUH 4665 Terrorism and Political Violence in Post-War Europe: 1945-2000 3 Credits

Grading Scheme: Letter Grade

Provides a multi-country historical survey of the role terrorism and violence have played in European affairs in the post-Second World War era from 1945 to 2000.

Prerequisite: 6 credits of history.

EUH 4677 History Orthodox Christianity 3 Credits

Grading Scheme: Letter Grade

A chronological and topical introduction to the history of the Orthodox Church, from the beginning to the present. Emphasis is on the political circumstances leading to the separation of various churches, and the main aspects of Orthodox Christian life throughout history.

Prerequisite: EUH 3121 or EUH 3122 or EUH 3140 or EUH 3144 or EUH 3202 or EUH 3204 or EUH 3205 or EUH 3206 or EUH 3300 or EUH 3330 or EUH 3575 or EUH 3576.

EUH 4930 History Research Seminar: Europe 3 Credits

Grading Scheme: Letter Grade

Through rotating in content, this seminar has two distinct goals: introduce the historiography of a specific topic and produce a substantial research paper based on primary source evidence.

Prerequisite: HIS 3942 with a minimum grade of C.

HIS 3454 Racial Theories in Europe and the US 3 Credits

Grading Scheme: Letter Grade

Introduces history of racial ideas and images from ancient to modern period.

Prerequisite: 3 credits of history.

HIS 3460 History of Science and Religion 3 Credits

Grading Scheme: Letter Grade

Surveys the interaction between the religious and scientific communities in the West from the time of the early church to the present.

HIS 3463 Introduction, History of Science: Origins to Newton 3 Credits

Grading Scheme: Letter Grade

Introduces the emergence of scientific thought from its mythopoeic beginnings to the time of Newton. Focuses on the interrelationships among science, philosophy and religion in Greece, Islam and the Latin West. Emphasizes Copernicus, Kepler, Galileo, Descartes and Newton. (H and N)

Attributes: General Education - Humanities, General Education - International

HIS 3464 Introduction, History of Science: Renaissance to the Present 3 Credits

Grading Scheme: Letter Grade

General survey of the major issues in physical and biological science from the time of Galileo to the present. Emphasizes the impact of scientific development on society, culture and thought. (H and N) (WR)

Attributes: General Education - Humanities, General Education - International, Satisfies 2000 Words of Writing Requirement

HIS 3465 The Scientific Revolution 3 Credits

Grading Scheme: Letter Grade

Emergence of modern science from Copernicus to Newton exploring the notions of empiricism, experiment, mechanism, materialism, and the historical concepts of continuity, change, revolution and progress. (H) (WR)

Prerequisite: 3 credits of history.

Attributes: General Education - Humanities, Satisfies 6000 Words of Writing Requirement

HIS 3483 The Nuclear Age 3 Credits

Grading Scheme: Letter Grade

History of the changing perception of the political and social significance of science since the discovery of nuclear fission.

Prerequisite: 3 credits of history.

HIS 3495 Evolution of Infectious Diseases 3 Credits

Grading Scheme: Letter Grade

Emergence of new infectious diseases in a historical and cultural context. Emphasizes the history of well-documented infectious diseases such as leprosy, bubonic plague, cholera, smallpox, yellow fever, tuberculosis, influenza, polio, venereal disease and AIDS, as well as the more recent Ebola viral-type outbreaks. (S)

Prerequisite: 3 credits of history.

Attributes: General Education - Social Science

HIS 3501 The History of Modern Biological Thought 3 Credits

Grading Scheme: Letter Grade

Selected areas of modern biological thought after 1800. Topics include Darwin, genetics, the Evolutionary Synthesis, molecular biology and sociobiology. (H) (WR)

Attributes: General Education - Humanities, Satisfies 6000 Words of Writing Requirement

HIS 3610 History and Public Policy 3 Credits

Grading Scheme: Letter Grade

Examines the role of historical analysis and argument in the policy-making process. Introduces the ways in which decision-makers use and misuse history, and considers what it means to take history into account in public policy. Uses specific contemporary policy problems to illustrate the challenges of using history effectively.

Prerequisite: 3 credits of history.

HIS 3931 Special Topics 3 Credits

Grading Scheme: Letter Grade

Special topics in history. (H) (WR)

Attributes: General Education - Humanities, Satisfies 6000 Words of Writing Requirement

HIS 3942 History Practicum 3 Credits

Grading Scheme: Letter Grade

Learn the elements of the professional study of history: the critical reading of sources (primary and secondary); research skills; and a variety of historical methodologies.

Prerequisite: 3 credits of history.

HIS 4472 History of Evolutionary Thought from the Enlightenment to the Present 3 Credits

Grading Scheme: Letter Grade

Advanced history of science examines the history of evolutionary thought from the Enlightenment to the present. Emphasizes the specific development of Darwinian evolutionary theory and the lives of key theorists such as Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace. Considers sociopolitical and national contexts.

Prerequisite: some background in evolutionary science or history of science recommended.

HIS 4905 Individual Study 1-3 Credits

Grading Scheme: Letter Grade

Individual study in history. (WR)

Prerequisite: 6 credits of history.

Attributes: Satisfies 6000 Words of Writing Requirement

HIS 4911 Undergraduate Research in History 0-3 Credits

Grading Scheme: Letter Grade

Provides firsthand, supervised research. Projects may involve inquiry, design, investigation, scholarship, discovery, or application.

HIS 4930 History Research Seminar 3 Credits

Grading Scheme: Letter Grade

Through rotating in content, this seminar has two distinct goals: introduce the historiography of a specific topic and produce a substantial research paper based on primary source evidence.

Prerequisite: History major of senior standing.

HIS 4944 Internship in the Practice of History 1-3 Credits

Grading Scheme: Letter Grade

Gives history majors practical experience in history-related institutions and organizations, such as archives, historical societies, museums and university presses.

Prerequisite: history major and undergraduate coordinator permission.

HIS 4956 Overseas Studies 1-18 Credits

Grading Scheme: Letter Grade

Provides a mechanism by which coursework taken as part of an approved study abroad program can be recorded on the UF transcript and counted toward graduation.

Prerequisite: undergraduate advisor permission.

HIS 4970 Senior Thesis 1-3 Credits

Grading Scheme: Letter Grade

Required for potential award of high or highest honors. Directed research leading to the submission of an interpretive and analytical, rather than merely narrative, essay of approximately 40 pages in length. The paper may be based on research into a particular topic for which there is accessible source materials or it may involve a thorough critical assessment of a significant historical controversy or historiographical issue. Topics must be approved by the department honors coordinator. Registration for two semesters' work is required in order to allow adequate attention to the project. (WR)

Prerequisite: senior standing and department permission before registering.

Attributes: Satisfies 6000 Words of Writing Requirement

HIS 4971 History Honors Workshop 3 Credits

Grading Scheme: Letter Grade

Assists with all phases of the senior thesis, including project design, research, writing, and oral presentation. Students complete assignments that build toward a draft of a preliminary chapter or the introduction. The workshop provides a collaborative environment in which to pursue individual thesis projects.

Prerequisite: acceptance into the History Honors program.

HPS 3003 Perspectives on Science and Mathematics 3 Credits

Grading Scheme: Letter Grade

Explores the different ways that scientists and mathematicians since the 17th century have explained the workings of the natural world. (H) (WR)

Prerequisite: UFTeach Step 1.

Attributes: General Education - Humanities, Satisfies 6000 Words of Writing Requirement

IDH 2931 Honors Seminar 3 Credits

Grading Scheme: Letter Grade

Special topics restricted to those in the university-wide Honors Program. (WR)

Attributes: Satisfies 6000 Words of Writing Requirement

LAH 2020 Introduction to Latin American History 3 Credits

Grading Scheme: Letter Grade

Introduces Latin American civilization, from the Conquest to the present, emphasizing select topics in social, political and cultural history. (H and N)

Attributes: General Education - Humanities, General Education - International

LAH 3100 Emergence of Latin American Nations 3 Credits

Grading Scheme: Letter Grade

The last phase of the colonial regime, movement for independence, and problems of nation-building to the end of the 19th century. (H and N) (WR)

Attributes: General Education - Humanities, General Education - International, Satisfies 6000 Words of Writing Requirement

LAH 3130 Colonial Latin America 3 Credits

Grading Scheme: Letter Grade

Surveys the formation of Spanish and Portuguese imperial systems and colonial societies in America in the 16th, 17th and 18th centuries. (H and N) (WR)

Prerequisite: 3 credits of history.

Attributes: General Education - Humanities, General Education - International, Satisfies 6000 Words of Writing Requirement

LAH 3300 Contemporary Latin America 3 Credits

Grading Scheme: Letter Grade

Contemporary challenges to traditional structures; revolution and evolution. (H and N) (WR)

Attributes: General Education - Humanities, General Education - International, Satisfies 6000 Words of Writing Requirement

LAH 3470 Introduction to Caribbean History 3 Credits

Grading Scheme: Letter Grade

The main issues and debates in Caribbean history from the time of Columbus to the mid-20th century.

LAH 3725 Race, Religion, and Revolution in the Black Caribbean 3 Credits

Grading Scheme: Letter Grade

Explores the history of Jamaica, Haiti, the Dominican Republic and the Miskito Coast of Nicaragua. Explains the emergence of colonial and neo-colonial political systems, the concept of race in relationship to slavery and global capitalism as well as the role of religion in revolutionary actions.

Prerequisite: sophomore standing or higher.

LAH 3741 Revolution in the Americas 3 Credits

Grading Scheme: Letter Grade

Historical analysis of the armed and unarmed revolutionary movements of 20th century Latin America, from Mexico to Chile.

Prerequisite: 3 credits of history.

LAH 3931 Special Topics in Latin American History 3-9 Credits

Grading Scheme: Letter Grade

Selected, variable topics in the history and culture of Latin America.

Prerequisite: 3 credits of history.

LAH 4433 Modern Mexico 3 Credits

Grading Scheme: Letter Grade

Aftermath of independence and war with U.S., the Reform and Maximillian, Porfiriato, Mexican Revolution and contemporary trends. (H and N) (WR)

Prerequisite: 6 credits of history.

Attributes: General Education - Humanities, General Education - International, Satisfies 6000 Words of Writing Requirement

LAH 4471 Caribbean History to 1800 3 Credits

Grading Scheme: Letter Grade

Social, economic and political history of the West Indies and the Circum-Caribbean region to 1800, with particular emphasis on slave society. (H and N) (WR)

Prerequisite: 6 credits of history.

Attributes: General Education - Humanities, General Education - International, Satisfies 6000 Words of Writing Requirement

LAH 4472 The Caribbean, Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries 3 Credits

Grading Scheme: Letter Grade

Social history of the modern Caribbean: slave emancipation and decolonization; race relations and black consciousness; labor, culture, and economic change. (H and N) (WR)

Prerequisite: 6 credits of history.

Attributes: General Education - Humanities, General Education - International, Satisfies 6000 Words of Writing Requirement

LAH 4473 France in the Caribbean 3 Credits

Grading Scheme: Letter Grade

Making of the modern Francophone Caribbean. Introduce a range of political, economic and cultural phenomena from buccaneering and voodoo to tourism and transnational identity. Emphasizes slave plantation society, the Haitian Revolution and the black consciousness movements of the 20th century.

LAH 4602 The Conquest of Amazonia 3 Credits

Grading Scheme: Letter Grade

Historical analysis of the Amazon. Need no previous knowledge of Latin American history; for those interested in the current issues confronting the region. (H and N)

LAH 4630 Brazil after 1750 3 Credits

Grading Scheme: Letter Grade

Late and colonial reform; independence and origins and achievements of Brazilian monarchy; modernization and neo-colonialism; slavery, the military, and emergence of oligarchical republic; legacy of dictatorship and populism. (H and N) (WR)

Prerequisite: 6 credits of history.

Attributes: General Education - Humanities, General Education - International, Satisfies 6000 Words of Writing Requirement

LAH 4730 Science and Technology in Latin American, 1492-Present 3 Credits

Grading Scheme: Letter Grade

Introduces the diffusion, acculturation and adaption of scientific ideas, practices and technology by exploring concepts within Latin America.

Prerequisite: 3 credits of history.

LAH 4930 History Research Seminar: Latin America 3 Credits

Grading Scheme: Letter Grade

Through rotating in content, this seminar has two distinct goals: introduce the historiography of a specific topic and produce a substantial research paper based on primary source evidence.

Prerequisite: HIS 3942 with a minimum grade of C.

MEM 3003 Introduction to the Medieval World 3 Credits

Grading Scheme: Letter Grade

Chronological and topical introduction to history of the medieval millennium (400-1400). (H and N)

Attributes: General Education - Humanities, General Education - International

MEM 4931 Special Topics in Medieval and Early Modern Studies 1-3 Credits

Grading Scheme: Letter Grade

Advanced study in medieval and early modern studies.

WOH 2040 The World in the Twentieth Century 3 Credits

Grading Scheme: Letter Grade

Surveys major developments in the history of the twentieth century, focusing on the increasing world interconnections and interdependency. Themes include imperialism, nationalism and decolonization, the two world wars and the interwar period, the Cold War, new social movements and globalization and the international economy.

WOH 3043 The World Since 1945 3 Credits

Grading Scheme: Letter Grade

Overview of the contemporary world, while trying to promote an awareness of the striking diversity of views that characterize and shape that world. Covers major issues in the post 1945 world, the Cold War, colonialism and decolonization. (H and N)

Attributes: General Education - Humanities, General Education - International

WOH 3203 Africans in World History 3 Credits

Grading Scheme: Letter Grade

Critically examines the history of Africans outside Africa; emphasizes the Atlantic world and the Americas and to connections forged between peoples of African descent and broader movements in world history. Themes include slavery and anti-slavery, diaspora formation, the history of ideas, revolution, decolonization and civil rights struggles.

Prerequisite: 3 credits of history.

WOH 3205 History of Human Rights 3 Credits

Grading Scheme: Letter Grade

Explores the global history of human rights, looking at the bases of those rights, including traditions, practices and international declarations and their evolution over time. At the end of the semester, groups present case reports that apply human rights principles to a variety of historical moments.

Prerequisite: 3 credits of history.

WOH 3233 History of Christianity 1 3 Credits

Grading Scheme: Letter Grade

Surveys the history of Christianity, c. 100 to c. 1300, from its status as a persecuted minority religion of the Roman Empire to its position of dominance in the civilizations of medieval Europe and Byzantium.

WOH 3239 History of Christianity 2 3 Credits

Grading Scheme: Letter Grade

Developments in the history of Christianity from the 14th to the 18th centuries. Topics include the crises of the 14th century (impact of the Black Death, Avignon papacy and schism), conciliarism, the Reformation movements, expansion of Christianity abroad and the impact of the Enlightenment on faith.

Prerequisite: 3 credits of history.

WOH 3241 The Vietnam War 3 Credits

Grading Scheme: Letter Grade

Examination of the origins, course, and consequences of the conflict in Vietnam, from American and various Vietnamese perspectives, and including the roles of other participants, such as the French, Chinese, and Soviets.

Prerequisite: 3 credits of history.

WOH 3242 The United States and the Contemporary World 3 Credits

Grading Scheme: Letter Grade

Traces the historical development of issues in contemporary international politics. Case studies may include the international economy, terrorism, change and conflict in the Middle East, the drug trade, nuclear and biological weapons, climate change and globalization.

WOH 3404 Global History of Energy 3 Credits

Grading Scheme: Letter Grade

Examines the relationship of human society to energy. Global in size and scope, a large swath of human history on several continents is covered.

Prerequisite: 3 credits in AFH, or AMH, or ASH, or EUH, or HIS, or LAH or WOH.

WOH 3931 Special Topics in World History 3 Credits

Grading Scheme: Letter Grade

Selected variable topics in world history.

Prerequisite: 3 credits in AFH, ASH, AMH, EUH, HIS, LAH or WOH.

WOH 4204 Modern Masculinities in Global Perspective 3 Credits

Grading Scheme: Letter Grade

Comparative, global and historical approach to the study of masculinity, drawing from a burgeoning interdisciplinary scholarship. Study ranges across the world and examines masculinities in the Americas, Asia and Europe with special attention to case studies such as Iran, the United Kingdom, Japan and the United States.

Prerequisite: 3 credits of history.

WOH 4234 Atlantic Exchanges from Columbus to NATO 3 Credits

Grading Scheme: Letter Grade

History of the Atlantic world, demonstrating that oceans have been connective forces that facilitate the exchange of commodities, capital and culture across vast distances. Topics include the history of the central and northern Atlantic during the age of Imperialism.

WOH 4243 Empires, Nationalism, and Revolution 1945-1994 3 Credits

Grading Scheme: Letter Grade

Adopting a world history approach to post-World War II era, explores how decolonization intersected with the Cold War in Africa, Asia and Latin America.

Prerequisite: 6 credits of history.

WOH 4254 Nations and Nationalism 3 Credits

Grading Scheme: Letter Grade

Studies the modern genesis of the nation and the nation-state in the Americas, Europe, Asia and Africa. Emphasizes the relationship between European Imperialism and colonial and postcolonial nationalisms around the globe.

WOH 4264 Empires and Imperialism 3 Credits

Grading Scheme: Letter Grade

Introduces the history of early modern and modern empires and imperialisms in Europe, Africa, the Americas and Asia.

WOH 4930 History Research Seminar: World History 3 Credits

Grading Scheme: Letter Grade

Introduces the historiography of a specific topic; requires a substantial research paper based on primary source evidence.

Prerequisite: HIS 3942 with a minimum grade of C.